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Livigno, Italy
Livigno is located 1,816 metres above sea level. Livigno's main river is called Aqua Grandaor Spöl. Trepalle, a frazione in the municipality of Livigno, is considered Europe's highest inhabited parish. Livigno was once a traditional and cultural village. Livigno is one of the few Italian villages which do not belong to the drainage basin of the Mediterranean Sea but to the Black Sea basin. A part of the old village was completely destroyed in the 1960s by the creation of a reservoir, the Lago di Livigno.
Livigno, located between Engadine and Upper Valtellina, is an enchanting valley that strechches for 12 kilometers, between two mountain chains that drop from 3000 down to 1800 meters. The village is a long line of houses built from wood and stone. With the nearby, beautiful hamlet of Trepalle, the highest village in Europe, Livigno is one of the Alps' most important and well-equippen tourist resorts. with more than 100 comfortable hotels it offers the guest wonderful holidays close to nature and to the alpine tradition all year round.
Livigno's evocative surroundings are mainly due to the contrast between the steepness of its mountains and the flatness of the inhabited area. There is a difference in altitude of only about 100m along the 12 kilometres of the valley, where the village unwinds, thus meaning it is virtually flat. It is thanks to this extraordinarily flat valley bottom that the unreal aspect of this thread-like village really stands out. Livigno was a classical "street village" with its little wooden houses scattered along the edge of the meadows to avoid the tiring work of carrying the hay, to escape avalanches and to keep fire from spreading.
Until the 50's, due to the road closures in winter Livigno could only offer summer tourism. Only the most enthusiastic, Germans usually, would come up to Livigno by sledge to enjoy the immense blankets of virgin snow. The road to Bormio was opened for the first time during the winter of 1952, albeit with great difficulty. The first 2 ski lifts were opened in 1959 and finally in 1965 the "Munt La Schera" tunnel was inaugurated, making Livigno accessible to tourists coming from northern Europe via the Engadine and from South and North-East Italy via the Brennero motorway system. Finally, tourism was truly born. 1965: 6 hotels and 2 skilifts. 2002: more than 100 hotels with 4,800 beds and over 900 apartments let weekly, 32 skilifts, 110 km slopes for downhill skiing, 40 kilometres of slopes for cross-country skiing.
Today Livigno has 10,000 hectares of pasture land plus a vast area of meadows. The woods were cut to make room for the soft green carpets of the meadows and timber was used for building the "bàita". Until about a few dozen years ago, Livigno looked like an open-air museum. To make a museum of Livigno would have meant forcing many of its inhabitants to leave and probably condemning it to an even crueller isolation than the one imposed for centuries by Nature. Therefore encouraging tourism was a chance to give this area a future. This, of course, brought new buildings and the characteristic layout of the village with its houses regularly distanced one from another (originally for protective reasons, stressing individualism and self-isolation) was inevitably lost. The families of Livigno organized everything to survive during the long isolation periods. Stock farming almost completely removed the need for any outside help. The house was the appendix to the field and its branching point. The "Tea", the temporary summer residence, was a little higher up on the pastures.







