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1,259$ all Incl.
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Livigno - HISTORY
The origins of the name...The origins of the name 'Livigno' are unclear According to the history student Sertoli Salis, Livigno was called in the past 'Vinea et Vineola' (in Latin: Vineyard). This name, without the prefix 'Li', was kept until 1399. It had nothing to do with the wines: the presence of grapes in Livigno has been completely excluded. This name is probably derived from the term 'lavina' (in Ladin:'lavina'; Bormio dialect: 'leina'; old German: 'Lobine') which means 'snow avalanche'.
The first human settlementsHistory students still discuss on when and how did the first human beings settle in Livigno. Most of them argue that they were Ligurians or Rhethians. Other people assert they were of Etruscan origins.
Livigno yesterday... Livigno today...Map of the Spöl valley at its origins. The river Spöl, which is called 'Akua Granda' by the locals, has shaped the valley during the centuries. Livigno today: the woods being cut down, the building of small dams on the river Spöl and the large dam have completely changed the aspect of the whole valley. Some go as far as saying that the first settlers in Livigno were slavic who migrated following the Danube river, then its tributary Inn and finally the Spöl. The presence, even today, of some typical Asian physical traits would prove this hypothesis, say its followers.
History of Livigno in detail |
1900 (The Cross on Monte Parè), In the year 1900 Pope Leo XIII celebrates a Roman-Catholic jubilee in Rome. On Monte Parè, on October 4 the same year, a wooden cross, is erected, for defending and protecting Livigno's inhabitants. |
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1912 (First Telephone Connection), The first telephone connection between Bormio, Isolaccia and Livigno is established. |
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1914-A (Inauguration of the Albergo Livigno), In the years from 1908 to 1914 in the middle of the village the Albergo, "Livigno" is built. Under the administration of the Mottini family already in its first years, many businessmen, returning from Switzerland to Bormio, have a rest here. After short periods, 1924 and 1935, when Hotel Livigno was used only as an inn, it gets used again in 1936 as a hotel under the management of "Bepìn" Mottini. During the coming years hot water and central heating is installed, improving the life of the hotel guests enormously. |
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1914-B (Inauguration of the Foscagno Road), With the opening of the Foscagno Road, called "Via di Döss", Livigno can emerge from its geographical isolation. Before, Livigno's inhabitants could only leave the village using a 25 kilometre long path to Semogo. With the opening of the road even tourism came to Livigno valley. All started with some hunters, climbers and trippers during summertime. The opening of the road was celebrated at the Hotel Livigno, realized only a few months before. The 40 kilometre long road to Semogo (1.452m) passes Trepalle (2.096m), which is part of Livigno, getting over the Passo del Foscagno and the Passo d'Eira (2.210m). On the other end of the road there's Livigno (1.816m). The road actually was planned for military reasons. It was realized during the years 1912 to 1914, thanks also to the personal engagement of Luigi Credaros, who was elected to parliament in the year 1909. |
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1915/18 (First World War), In the year 1915 Italy enters the First World War. The front at the Stelvio is not really far away, but Livigno doesn't get hit directly. Nevertheless the Livigno community has to grief for its countless victims. |
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1920/29 (Courier Service), Bernardo Cantoni, called "Padelìn", is the first inhabitant in Livigno earning a driving license. Together with Enrico Schivalocchi he drove the route from Bormio-Livigno in a used Fiat 15T military-lorry. In the beginning they're travelling only in the summer. But by that, they're offering the first real courier service. Later on Cantoni is in charge of the Strada del Foscagno. Only in the springtime of the year 1952 he Stopps working, while in February the same year his son died in an avalanche, "Padelìn", in the years 1939/1940, designed a snow bike, which was patented on April 4, 1941; thanks to him realizing even a covered sleigh, people could be transported safely to the hospital in Bormio. |
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1923 (Inauguration Hotel "Bernina"), Attilio Silvestri, Hotel Bernina's Manager, is recognized in Livigno as the first real Hotelier. The Bernina was built between 1920 and 1930. Silvestri was born as the son of a farmer's family, off the mountain poised fields. As Portier, Boy and even as a cook, Silvestri made his living in the Bernina Hotel in Samaden, Switzerland, getting his first impressions from the hotel's world. After earning some reputation and becoming experienced, Silvestri started planning his own hotel. All rooms in Silvestri's hotel are almost completely made out of wood. In every room there is a small wooden oven used for the heating in winter. Even as the hotel is already on a very high level, the water must be taken by hand from the fountain, because there's no tube system in the hotel. Electricity already arrives from the "Restèl"-Powerstation. Silvestri, also thanks to his professional experiences abroad, likes to attract foreign tourists with various attractions. Above all German tourists love to sojourn at his hotel almost from the beginning. |
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1924 (Electricity), he electric company Società Idroelettrica Livignese takes up its business. In its first power plant and electricity can be distributed to Livigno's households. |
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1925/39 (Tunnel construction), In these Years, thanks to Livigno's initiative, a tunnel of about 2.5 km is constructed to let people safely travel on the Strada del Foscagno, protected from falling rocks and avalanches. Traffic between Livigno and the Alta Valtellina gets much safer and doesn't stop during wintertime, even if in this period only horse sleighs are able to use the track. |
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1939/45 (Second World War), Many men from Livigno loose their lives during war in Russia, when the troops retreat in 1942. Of 24 young men from Livigno only 13 get back to their families. Eleven are missed or get captured. In October 1943 the German occupants erect a command post in Livigno. Some inhabitants flee from their village to Switzerland. On October 8, 1944 a group of Italian partisans, via Bormio, gets into the Alpisella-Valley. On February 27, 1945 the first allied soldiers take over the command post from Livigno's partisans. |
